2、带条件的Updates和Inserts子句
你能够添加WHERE子句到UPDATE或INSERT子句中去, 来跳过update或insert操作对某些行的处理. 下面例子根据表NEWPRODUCTS来更新表PRODUCTS数据, 但必须字段CATEGORY也得同时匹配上:
SQL> MERGE INTO products p
2 USING newproducts np
3 ON (p.product_id = np.product_id)
4 WHEN MATCHED THEN
5 UPDATE
6 SET p.product_name = np.product_name
7 WHERE p.category = np.category;
2 rows merged.
SQL> SELECT * FROM products;
PRODUCT_ID PRODUCT_NAME CATEGORY
---------- -------------------- ----------
1501 VIVITAR 35MM ELECTRNCS
1502 OLYMPUS CAMERA ELECTRNCS
1600 PLAY GYM TOYS
1601 LAMAZE TOYS
1666 HARRY POTTER DVD
SQL>
SQL> rollback; |
在这个例子中, 产品ID为1502,1601和1666匹配ON条件但是1666的category不匹配. 因此MERGE命令只更新两行数据. 下面例子展示了在Updates和Inserts子句都使用WHERE子句:
SQL> MERGE INTO products p
2 USING newproducts np
3 ON (p.product_id = np.product_id)
4 WHEN MATCHED THEN
5 UPDATE
6 SET p.product_name = np.product_name,
7 p.category = np.category
8 WHERE p.category = ''DVD''
9 WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
10 INSERT
11 VALUES (np.product_id, np.product_name, np.category)
12 WHERE np.category != ''BOOKS''
SQL> /
1 row merged.
SQL> SELECT * FROM products;
PRODUCT_ID PRODUCT_NAME CATEGORY
---------- -------------------- ----------
1501 VIVITAR 35MM ELECTRNCS
1502 OLYMPUS IS50 ELECTRNCS
1600 PLAY GYM TOYS
1601 LAMAZE TOYS
1666 HARRY POTTER TOYS
SQL> |
注意由于有WHERE子句INSERT没有插入所有不匹配ON条件的行到表PRODUCTS.
3、无条件的Inserts
你能够不用连接源表和目标表就把源表的数据插入到目标表中. 这对于你想插入所有行到目标表时是非常有用的. Oracle 10g现在支持在ON条件中使用常量过滤谓词. 举个常量过滤谓词例子ON (1=0). 下面例子从源表插入行到表PRODUCTS, 不检查这些行是否在表PRODUCTS中存在:
SQL> MERGE INTO products p
2 USING newproducts np
3 ON (1=0)
4 WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
5 INSERT
6 VALUES (np.product_id, np.product_name, np.category)
7 WHERE np.category = ''BOOKS''
SQL> /
1 row merged.
SQL> SELECT * FROM products;
PRODUCT_ID PRODUCT_NAME CATEGORY
---------- -------------------- ----------
1501 VIVITAR 35MM ELECTRNCS
1502 OLYMPUS IS50 ELECTRNCS
1600 PLAY GYM TOYS
1601 LAMAZE TOYS
1666 HARRY POTTER DVD
1700 WAIT INTERFACE BOOKS
6 rows selected.
SQL> |
4、新增加的DELETE子句
Oracle 10g中的MERGE提供了在执行数据操作时清除行的选项. 你能够在WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE子句中包含DELETE子句. DELETE子句必须有一个WHERE条件来删除匹配某些条件的行.匹配DELETE WHERE条件但不匹配ON条件的行不会被从表中删除.
下面例子验证DELETE子句. 我们从表NEWPRODUCTS中合并行到表PRODUCTS中, 但删除category为ELECTRNCS的行.
SQL> MERGE INTO products p
2 USING newproducts np
3 ON (p.product_id = np.product_id)
4 WHEN MATCHED THEN
5 UPDATE
6 SET p.product_name = np.product_name,
7 p.category = np.category
8 DELETE WHERE (p.category = ''ELECTRNCS'')
9 WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
10 INSERT
11 VALUES (np.product_id, np.product_name, np.category)
SQL> /
4 rows merged.
SQL> SELECT * FROM products;
PRODUCT_ID PRODUCT_NAME CATEGORY
---------- -------------------- ----------
1501 VIVITAR 35MM ELECTRNCS
1600 PLAY GYM TOYS
1601 LAMAZE TOYS
1666 HARRY POTTER TOYS
1700 WAIT INTERFACE BOOKS
SQL> |
产品ID为1502的行从表PRODUCTS中被删除, 因为它同时匹配ON条件和DELETE WHERE条件. 产品ID为1501的行匹配DELETE WHERE条件但不匹配ON条件, 所以它没有被删除. 产品ID为1700 的行不匹配ON条件, 所以被插入表PRODUCTS. 产品ID为1601和1666的行匹配ON条件但不匹配DELETE WHERE条件, 所以被更新为表NEWPRODUCTS中的值.
