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如何在亿级记录表中创建索引

2)创建之初,抓到这么一条sql:

insert into obj$(owner#,name,namespace,obj#,type#,ctime,mtime,st

ime,status,remoteowner,linkname,subname,dataobj#,flags,oid$,spar

e1,spare2)values(:1,:2,:3,:4,:5,:6,:7,:8,:9,:10,:11,:12,:13,:14,

:15,:16, :17)

3)然后v$sort_segment.USED_BLOCKS变大,v$sort_usage.BLOCKS变大,一直增长到:

SQL> select tablespace_name,current_users,total_blocks,used_blocks,free_blocks from v$sort_segment;

TABLESPACE_NAME CURRENT_USERS TOTAL_BLOCKS USED_BLOCKS FREE_BLOCKS

------------------------------- ------------- ------------ ----------- -----------

TEMP 1 431360 46720 384640

SQL> select * from v$sort_usage;

USERNAME USER SESSION_ADDR SESSION_NUM SQLADDR SQLHASH

------------------------------ ------------------------------ ---------------- ----------- ---------------- ----------

TABLESPACE CONTENTS SEGTYPE SEGFILE# SEGBLK# EXTENTS BLOCKS SEGRFNO#

------------------------------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

DPC DPC 00000003974CFFB0 6134 0000000399CAB288 1254950678

TEMP TEMPORARY SORT 201 431113 365 46720 1

这个过程中抓到的sql为:

select file# from file$ where ts#=:1

4)v$sort_segment.USED_BLOCKS变为0,v$sort_usage.BLOCKS变为0。

5)重复3,4两步,估计这个是创建一个分区的索引。

需要解释一下的是,上面的sql只是我随机抓到的运行时间比较长的,整个create index过程会复杂很多,具体怎么样可以用sqltrace跟踪。这里主要看的是temp表空间的使用情况。

同时,在创建的过程中:

SQL> select segment_name,partition_name from user_segments where segment_name=''IDX_SUBMIT_RECORDTIME'';

no rows selected

SQL> select index_name,partition_name from user_ind_partitions where INDEX_NAME=''IDX_SUBMIT_RECORDTIME'';

no rows selected

当时忘了查user_segments中其实是有一个segment_name为一串数字的记录,那个才是正在创建的索引;如果这个事务失败了,将回滚。

最后耗时99分钟完成。

5. 创建完成后分析索引

但是接下来还有一件事。创建完成后要分析索引,否则就是走了索引,查询速度也会很慢。

SQL> explain plan for select count(*) from stat_submit_center where recordtime>trunc(sysdate);

Explained.

SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/utlxplp.sql

PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost | Pstart| Pstop |

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1 | 9 | 4 | | |

| 1 | SORT AGGREGATE | | 1 | 9 | | | |

| 2 | PARTITION RANGE ALL | | | | | 1 | 50 |

|* 3 | INDEX FAST FULL SCAN| IDX_SUBMIT_RECORDTIME | 8878K| 76M| 4 | 1 | 50 |

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):

---------------------------------------------------

3 - filter("STAT_SUBMIT_CENTER"."RECORDTIME">TRUNC(SYSDATE@!))

Note: cpu costing is off

16 rows selected.

SQL> set autotrace on explain

SQL> set timing on

SQL> select count(*) from stat_submit_center where recordtime>trunc(sysdate);

aa^Cselect count(*) from stat_submit_center where recordtime>trunc(sysdate)

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-01013: user requested cancel of current operation

Elapsed: 00:11:49.85

SQL>

SQL> set autotrace off

上面可以看到,因为没有分析索引,虽然它走的是新建的IDX_SUBMIT_RECORDTIME索引,但是查询速度很慢,10分钟后也没有结果。下面我们分析一下:

SQL> Analyze index IDX_SUBMIT_RECORDTIME estimate statistics;

Index analyzed.

Elapsed: 00:00:06.84

SQL> set autotrace on explain

SQL> select count(*) from stat_submit_center where recordtime>trunc(sysdate);

COUNT(*)

----------

926736

Elapsed: 00:00:05.37

Execution Plan

----------------------------------------------------------

0 SELECT STATEMENT Optimizer=CHOOSE (Cost=4360 Card=1 Bytes=9)

1 0 SORT (AGGREGATE)

2 1 PARTITION RANGE (ALL)

3 2 INDEX (RANGE SCAN) OF ''IDX_SUBMIT_RECORDTIME'' (NON-UNI

QUE) (Cost=4360 Card=8878740 Bytes=79908660)

SQL> set autotrace off

索引分析之后,查询时间为5分钟左右,效率大大提高。

至此,完成全部操作。

作者简介:柔嘉维则;作者Email地址为baobaoc@hotmail.com;作者Blog为http://spaces.msn.com/roujiaweize/

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