软件管理
　　pkgadd
　　#pkgadd -d /tem softwarename
　　软件名gpw-6.94-sol8-intel-local.gz
　　#gunzip gpw-6.94-sol8-intel-local.gz
　　#head gpw-6.94-sol8-intel-local.gz //查看文件的版本信息
　　#pkgadd -d gpw-6.94-sol8-intel-local.gz
　　install
　　#install -c /opt/scripts -m 0755 -u bin -g sysadmin /tmp/setup_script
　　//目标路径 权限 用户 组 源路径
　　pkginfo
　　#pkginfo //安装了的软件包
　　pkgchk
　　#pkgchk pkginst //检查软件包的完整性
　　#pkgchk -f pkginst //处理软件包问题
　　#pkgchk -n pkginst //忽略包的不稳定性
　　#pkgchk -l -p /usr/bin/mydir //获取已安装文件的包属性
　　pkgrm
　　#pkgrm pkginst //删除软件包
　　#pkgrm pkginst1 pkginst2 //同时删除多个包
　　showrev
　　#showrev -p //显示已安装的补丁
　　
　　patchadd
　　#patchadd patchname //安装补丁
　　#patchadd -M patch1 patch2 //同时安装多个补丁
　　#patchadd -d -R /export/mars /var/spool/patch/11102-12
　　//目的 源路径
　　//不允许对补丁安装进行现场恢复
　　
　　补丁安装实例
　　2.6_Recommended.tar.z 补丁名
　　1
　　#df -k dir //查看该目录的大小
　　#tar xvf 2.6_Recommended.tar.z
　　#./install
　　
　　
　　参数 功能
　　-B 指定存储恢复现场信息的目录，而不是默认目录
　　-C 如果需要，指定需要打补丁的网络安装映象的路径
　　-d 不接受可恢复现场的补丁安装
　　-M 指定定位补丁的可选目录
　　-p 打印所有已安装的补丁列表
　　-u 不让文件安装生效
　　-R 为客户安装指定可选根目录
　　-S 从服务器为客户端安装补丁，客户机共享服务器操作系统目录
　　
　　
　　patchrm
　　#patchrm patchname // 删除补丁
　　#patchrm -C /export/solaris_2.9/tools/1065-15
　　//从客户端系统删除补丁
　　
　　引导和启动过程、ok模式
　　#shutdown
　　#reboot
　　#init 0
　　#boot -r
　　
　　ok setenv boot-device disk //将默认的启动设备改为disk
　　boot-device = disk
　　
　　ok printenv boot-device //验正启动设备
　　boot-device disk disk
　　
　　ok reset
　　
　　ok test net //测试回路网络设备
　　ok watch-clock //测试时钟设备
　　ok boot -r //重新引导系统
　　ok boot net //从网络启动
　　ok boot cdrom //从光盘启动
　　ok boot floppy //从软盘启动
　　ok boot tape //从磁带引导系统
　　ok watch-net //检查网络是否联通
　　ok probe-scsi //检查系统检测出的所有磁盘设备，并得到可用的设备列表
　　ok banner //检测内存、系统固件的openboot版本信息
　　ok boot -s //进入单用户模式
　　#reboot -l -- -r //重新引导不在系统日记里记录
　　#shutdown - i 0 -g 120 -y
　　#sync;init 0
　　#traceroute www.abc.com
　　
　　
　　wall
　　#wall
　　
　　init
　　#init q //重新初始化运行级别
　　#init 0 //硬件维护模式
　　#init 1 //单用户模式
　　#init 2 //NFS不可用
　　#init 3 //NFS可用
　　#init 4 //用户定义状态
　　#init 5 //关闭系统电源
　　#init 6 //挂起操作系统
　　#init s //进入管理状态
　　
　　网络配置
　　
　　etc/hostname.interface //是这块网卡的名字或机器的名字
　　# cat hostname.pcn0
　　wing
　　
　　# cat hosts
　　#
　　# Internet host table
　　#
　　127.0.0.1 localhost
　　192.168.0.11 wing
　　# hostname
　　wing
　　
　　# cat netmasks
　　192.168.0.0 255.255.255.0
　　
　　＃ifconfig le0 172.16.255.1 netmask 255.255.255.0
　　
　　配置网络端口状态
　　＃ifconfig le0 up/down
　　配置网络端口是否可用
　　＃ifconfig le0 plumb/unplumb
　　#ifconfig -a 这个地址只有root用户使用时才显示。如果一个非root用户使用ifconfig命令，那么只有IP地址
　　# ifconfig -a
　　lo0: flags=1000849<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST,IPv4> mtu 8232 index 1
　　inet 127.0.0.1 netmask ff000000
　　hme0: flags=1000843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST,IPv4> mtu 1500 index 2
　　inet 192.168.10.25 netmask ffffff00 broadcast 192.168.10.255
　　ether 8:0:20:a2:11:de
　　#
　　
　　#ifconfig le0 192.168.0.3 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.0.255 up
　　banner
　　你也可以在系统还没有启动时在ok提示符下敲入banner来找到MAC地址,CPU 型号和频率。
　　ok banner
　　
　　un Ultra 5/10 UPA/PCI (UltraSPARC-IIi 300MHz), Keyboard Present
　　OpenBoot 3.1.1 64 MB memory installed, Serial #9361102.
　　Ethernet address 8:0:20:8e:d6:ce, HostID: 808ed6ce.
　　
　　
　　# arp -a //登陆用户
　　
　　Net to Media Table: IPv4
　　Device IP Address Mask Flags Phys Addr
　　------ -------------------- --------------- ----- ---------------
　　pcn0 192.168.0.1 255.255.255.255 00:03:0f:fd:6d:0c
　　pcn0 wing 255.255.255.255 SP 00:0c:29:19:a1:54
　　pcn0 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 SM 01:00:5e:00:00:00
　　
　　
　　# netstat // 网络状态
　　
　　TCP: IPv4
　　Local Address Remote Address Swind Send-Q Rwind Recv-Q State
　　-------------------- -------------------- ----- ------ ----- ------ -------
　　wing.telnet 192.168.0.1.1030 7168 0 66608 0 ESTABLISHED
　　wing.telnet 192.168.0.1.1032 6253 1 66608 0 ESTABLISHED
　　
　　Active UNIX domain sockets
　　Address Type Vnode Conn Local Addr Remote Addr
　　df187cc0 stream-ord dee4c1c0 00000000 /tmp/.X11-unix/X0
　　df187de8 stream-ord 00000000 00000000
　　#
　　
　　# netstat -r //查看路由表
　　
　　Routing Table: IPv4
　　Destination Gateway Flags Ref Use Interface
　　-------------------- -------------------- ----- ----- ------ ---------
　　192.168.0.0 wing U 1 3 pcn0
　　224.0.0.0 wing U 1 0 pcn0
　　default wing UG 1 0
　　localhost localhost UH 2 6 lo0
　　
　　# netstat -g
　　
　　Group Memberships: IPv4
　　Interface Group RefCnt
　　--------- -------------------- ------
　　lo0 224.0.0.1 1
　　pcn0 224.0.0.1 1
　　
　　
　　# netstat -p
　　
　　Net to Media Table: IPv4
　　Device IP Address Mask Flags Phys Addr
　　------ -------------------- --------------- ----- ---------------
　　pcn0 192.168.0.1 255.255.255.255 00:03:0f:fd:6d:0c
　　pcn0 solaris9 255.255.255.255 SP 00:0c:29:80:4c:0a
　　pcn0 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 SM 01:00:5e:00:00:00
　　#
　　
　　
　　# netstat -s
　　
　　RAWIP
　　rawipInDatagrams = 0 rawipInErrors = 0
　　rawipInCksumErrs = 0 rawipOutDatagrams = 0
　　rawipOutErrors = 0
　　
　　UDP
　　udpInDatagrams = 923 udpInErrors = 0
　　udpOutDatagrams = 928 udpOutErrors = 0
　　
　　TCP tcpRtoAlgorithm = 4 tcpRtoMin = 400
　　tcpRtoMax = 60000 tcpMaxConn = -1
　　tcpActiveOpens = 18 tcpPassiveOpens = 21
　　tcpAttemptFails = 0 tcpEstabResets = 0
　　tcpCurrEstab = 31 tcpOutSegs = 715
　　tcpOutDataSegs = 524 tcpOutDataBytes = 52210
　　tcpRetransSegs = 0 tcpRetransBytes = 0
　　tcpOutAck = 191 tcpOutAckDelayed = 90
　　tcpOutUrg = 0 tcpOutWinUpdate = 0
　　tcpOutWinProbe = 0 tcpOutControl = 47
　　tcpOutRsts = 0 tcpOutFastRetrans = 0
　　tcpInSegs = 925
　　tcpInAckSegs = 505 tcpInAckBytes = 52216
　　tcpInDupAck = 7 tcpInAckUnsent = 0
　　tcpInInorderSegs = 524 tcpInInorderBytes = 45645
　　tcpInUnorderSegs = 0 tcpInUnorderBytes = 0
　　tcpInDupSegs = 0 tcpInDupBytes = 0
　　tcpInPartDupSegs = 0 tcpInPartDupBytes = 0
　　tcpInPastWinSegs = 0 tcpInPastWinBytes = 0
　　tcpInWinProbe = 0 tcpInWinUpdate = 0
　　tcpInClosed = 0 tcpRttNoUpdate = 0
　　tcpRttUpdate = 497 tcpTimRetrans = 0
　　tcpTimRetransDrop = 0 tcpTimKeepalive = 0
　　tcpTimKeepaliveProbe= 0 tcpTimKeepaliveDrop = 0
　　tcpListenDrop = 0 tcpListenDropQ0 = 0
　　tcpHalfOpenDrop = 0 tcpOutSackRetrans = 0
　　
　　IPv4 ipForwarding = 2 ipDefaultTTL = 255
　　ipInReceives = 422 ipInHdrErrors = 0
　　ipInAddrErrors = 0 ipInCksumErrs = 0
　　ipForwDatagrams = 0 ipForwProhibits = 0
　　ipInUnknownProtos = 0 ipInDiscards = 0
　　ipInDelivers = 1832 ipOutRequests = 265
　　ipOutDiscards = 0 ipOutNoRoutes = 0
　　ipReasmTimeout = 60 ipReasmReqds = 0
　　ipReasmOKs = 0 ipReasmFails = 0
　　ipReasmDuplicates = 0 ipReasmPartDups = 0
　　ipFragOKs = 0 ipFragFails = 0
　　ipFragCreates = 0 ipRoutingDiscards = 0
　　tcpInErrs = 0 udpNoPorts = 20
　　udpInCksumErrs = 0 udpInOverflows = 0
　　rawipInOverflows = 0 ipsecInSucceeded = 0
　　ipsecInFailed = 0 ipInIPv6 = 0
　　ipOutIPv6 = 0 ipOutSwitchIPv6 = 8
　　
　　IPv6 ipv6Forwarding = 2 ipv6DefaultHopLimit = 255
　　ipv6InReceives = 0 ipv6InHdrErrors = 0
　　ipv6InTooBigErrors = 0 ipv6InNoRoutes = 0
　　ipv6InAddrErrors = 0 ipv6InUnknownProtos = 0
　　ipv6InTruncatedPkts = 0 ipv6InDiscards = 0
　　ipv6InDelivers = 0 ipv6OutForwDatagrams= 0
　　ipv6OutRequests = 0 ipv6OutDiscards = 0
　　ipv6OutNoRoutes = 0 ipv6OutFragOKs = 0
　　ipv6OutFragFails = 0 ipv6OutFragCreates = 0
　　ipv6ReasmReqds = 0 ipv6ReasmOKs = 0
　　ipv6ReasmFails = 0 ipv6InMcastPkts = 0
　　ipv6OutMcastPkts = 0 ipv6ReasmDuplicates = 0
　　ipv6ReasmPartDups = 0 ipv6ForwProhibits = 0
　　udpInCksumErrs = 0 udpInOverflows = 0
　　rawipInOverflows = 0 ipv6InIPv4 = 0
　　ipv6OutIPv4 = 0 ipv6OutSwitchIPv4 = 0
　　
　　ICMPv4 icmpInMsgs = 5 icmpInErrors = 0
　　icmpInCksumErrs = 0 icmpInUnknowns = 0
　　icmpInDestUnreachs = 5 icmpInTimeExcds = 0
　　icmpInParmProbs = 0 icmpInSrcQuenchs = 0
　　icmpInRedirects = 0 icmpInBadRedirects = 0
　　icmpInEchos = 0 icmpInEchoReps = 0
　　icmpInTimestamps = 0 icmpInTimestampReps = 0
　　icmpInAddrMasks = 0 icmpInAddrMaskReps = 0
　　icmpInFragNeeded = 0 icmpOutMsgs = 5
　　icmpOutDrops = 0 icmpOutErrors = 0
　　icmpOutDestUnreachs = 5 icmpOutTimeExcds = 0
　　icmpOutParmProbs = 0 icmpOutSrcQuenchs = 0
　　icmpOutRedirects = 0 icmpOutEchos = 0
　　icmpOutEchoReps = 0 icmpOutTimestamps = 0
　　icmpOutTimestampReps= 0 icmpOutAddrMasks = 0
　　icmpOutAddrMaskReps = 0 icmpOutFragNeeded = 0
　　icmpInOverflows = 0
　　
　　ICMPv6 icmp6InMsgs = 0 icmp6InErrors = 0
　　icmp6InDestUnreachs = 0 icmp6InAdminProhibs = 0
　　icmp6InTimeExcds = 0 icmp6InParmProblems = 0
　　icmp6InPktTooBigs = 0 icmp6InEchos = 0
　　icmp6InEchoReplies = 0 icmp6InRouterSols = 0
　　icmp6InRouterAds = 0 icmp6InNeighborSols = 0
　　icmp6InNeighborAds = 0 icmp6InRedirects = 0
　　icmp6InBadRedirects = 0 icmp6InGroupQueries = 0
　　icmp6InGroupResps = 0 icmp6InGroupReds = 0
　　icmp6InOverflows = 0
　　icmp6OutMsgs = 0 icmp6OutErrors = 0
　　icmp6OutDestUnreachs= 0 icmp6OutAdminProhibs= 0
　　icmp6OutTimeExcds = 0 icmp6OutParmProblems= 0
　　icmp6OutPktTooBigs = 0 icmp6OutEchos = 0
　　icmp6OutEchoReplies = 0 icmp6OutRouterSols = 0
　　icmp6OutRouterAds = 0 icmp6OutNeighborSols= 0
　　icmp6OutNeighborAds = 0 icmp6OutRedirects = 0
　　icmp6OutGroupQueries= 0 icmp6OutGroupResps = 0
　　icmp6OutGroupReds = 0
　　
　　IGMP:
　　0 messages received
　　0 messages received with too few bytes
　　0 messages received with bad checksum
　　0 membership queries received
　　0 membership queries received with invalid field(s)
　　0 membership reports received
　　0 membership reports received with invalid field(s)
　　0 membership reports received for groups to which we belong
　　0 membership reports sent
　　
　　
　　# netstat -M
　　
　　Virtual Interface Table is empty
　　
　　Multicast Forwarding Cache is empty
　　
　　#
　　
　　
　　# netstat -r //网络接口状态
　　
　　Routing Table: IPv4
　　Destination Gateway Flags Ref Use Interface
　　-------------------- -------------------- ----- ----- ------ ---------
　　192.168.0.0 solaris9 U 1 1 pcn0
　　192.168.0.0 address2 U 1 0 pcn0:1
　　224.0.0.0 solaris9 U 1 0 pcn0
　　default 192.168.0.1 UG 1 0
　　localhost localhost UH 2 6 lo0
　　# netstat -rn
　　
　　Routing Table: IPv4
　　Destination Gateway Flags Ref Use Interface
　　-------------------- -------------------- ----- ----- ------ ---------
　　192.168.0.0 192.168.0.3 U 1 1 pcn0
　　192.168.0.0 192.168.0.5 U 1 0 pcn0:1
　　224.0.0.0 192.168.0.3 U 1 0 pcn0
　　default 192.168.0.1 UG 1 0
　　127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 UH 2 6 lo0
　　#
　　
　　
　　# netstat -i 1 5
　　input pcn0 output input (Total) output
　　packets errs packets errs colls packets errs packets errs colls
　　1187 0 1318 0 0 3699 0 3830 0 0
　　4 0 4 0 0 4 0 4 0 0
　　3 0 3 0 0 5 0 5 0 0
　　4 0 4 0 0 4 0 4 0 0
　　3 0 4 0 0 5 0 6 0 0
　　#
　　
　　snoop
　　
　　# snoop -c 3 //抓取3IP包
　　Using device /dev/pcn0 (promiscuous mode)
　　192.168.0.1 -> solaris9 TELNET C port=3013
　　solaris9 -> 192.168.0.1 TELNET R port=3013 Using device /dev/pc
　　192.168.0.1 -> solaris9 TELNET C port=3013
　　3 packets captured
　　#
　　
　　
　　# snoop -v -c 2 //抓取两个详细的IP包。
　　Using device /dev/pcn0 (promiscuous mode)
　　ETHER: ----- Ether Header -----
　　ETHER:
　　ETHER: Packet 1 arrived at 1:43:41.42
　　ETHER: Packet size = 60 bytes
　　ETHER: Destination = 0:c:29:80:4c:a,
　　ETHER: Source = 0:3:f:fd:6d:c,
　　ETHER: Ethertype = 0800 (IP)
　　ETHER:
　　IP: ----- IP Header -----
　　IP:
　　IP: Version = 4
　　IP: Header length = 20 bytes
　　IP: Type of service = 0x00
　　IP: xxx. .... = 0 (precedence)
　　IP: ...0 .... = normal delay
　　IP: .... 0... = normal throughput
　　IP: .... .0.. = normal reliability
　　IP: .... ..0. = not ECN capable transport
　　IP: .... ...0 = no ECN congestion experienced
　　IP: Total length = 40 bytes
　　IP: Identification = 1627
　　IP: Flags = 0x4
　　IP: .1.. .... = do not fragment
　　IP: ..0. .... = last fragment
　　IP: Fragment offset = 0 bytes
　　IP: Time to live = 128 seconds/hops
　　IP: Protocol = 6 (TCP)
　　IP: Header checksum = 7320
　　IP: Source address = 192.168.0.1, 192.168.0.1
　　IP: Destination address = 192.168.0.3, solaris9
　　IP: No options
　　IP:
　　TCP: ----- TCP Header -----
　　TCP:
　　TCP: Source port = 3013
　　TCP: Destination port = 23 (TELNET)
　　TCP: Sequence number = 769864152
　　TCP: Acknowledgement number = 52297913
　　TCP: Data offset = 20 bytes
　　TCP: Flags = 0x10
　　TCP: 0... .... = No ECN congestion window reduced
　　TCP: .0.. .... = No ECN echo
　　TCP: ..0. .... = No urgent pointer
　　TCP: ...1 .... = Acknowledgement
　　TCP: .... 0... = No push
　　TCP: .... .0.. = No reset
　　TCP: .... ..0. = No Syn
　　TCP: .... ...0 = No Fin
　　TCP: Window = 17292
　　TCP: Checksum = 0x7b85
　　TCP: Urgent pointer = 0
　　TCP: No options
　　TCP:
　　TELNET: ----- TELNET: -----
　　TELNET:
　　TELNET: ""
　　TELNET:
　　
　　ETHER: ----- Ether Header -----
　　ETHER:
　　ETHER: Packet 2 arrived at 1:43:41.42
　　ETHER: Packet size = 97 bytes
　　ETHER: Destination = 0:3:f:fd:6d:c,
　　ETHER: Source = 0:c:29:80:4c:a,
　　ETHER: Ethertype = 0800 (IP)
　　ETHER:
　　IP: ----- IP Header -----
　　IP:
　　IP: Version = 4
　　IP: Header length = 20 bytes
　　IP: Type of service = 0x00
　　IP: xxx. .... = 0 (precedence)
　　IP: ...0 .... = normal delay
　　IP: .... 0... = normal throughput
　　IP: .... .0.. = normal reliability
　　IP: .... ..0. = not ECN capable transport
　　IP: .... ...0 = no ECN congestion experienced
　　IP: Total length = 83 bytes
　　IP: Identification = 50744
　　IP: Flags = 0x4
　　IP: .1.. .... = do not fragment
　　IP: ..0. .... = last fragment
　　IP: Fragment offset = 0 bytes
　　IP: Time to live = 60 seconds/hops
　　IP: Protocol = 6 (TCP)
　　IP: Header checksum = f717
　　IP: Source address = 192.168.0.3, solaris9
　　IP: Destination address = 192.168.0.1, 192.168.0.1
　　IP: No options
　　IP:
　　TCP: ----- TCP Header -----
　　TCP:
　　TCP: Source port = 23
　　TCP: Destination port = 3013
　　TCP: Sequence number = 52297913
　　TCP: Acknowledgement number = 769864152
　　TCP: Data offset = 20 bytes
　　TCP: Flags = 0x18
　　TCP: 0... .... = No ECN congestion window reduced
　　TCP: .0.. .... = No ECN echo
　　TCP: ..0. .... = No urgent pointer
　　TCP: ...1 .... = Acknowledgement
　　TCP: .... 1... = Push
　　TCP: .... .0.. = No reset
　　TCP: .... ..0. = No Syn
　　TCP: .... ...0 = No Fin
　　TCP: Window = 64240
　　TCP: Checksum = 0xd1f6
　　TCP: Urgent pointer = 0
　　TCP: No options
　　TCP:
　　TELNET: ----- TELNET: -----
　　TELNET:
　　TELNET: "Using device /dev/pcn0 (promiscuous mode)\r\n"
　　TELNET:
　　
　　2 packets captured
　　#
　　
　　# snoop host1 host2
　　host1 -> host2 ICMP Echo request
　　host2 -> host1 ICMP Echo reply
　　使用snoop实用程序判定系统间实际上传送的什么信，判断网络畅通
　　# snoop -a dhcp