【IT168评测中心】BSD(Berkeley Software Distribution,伯克利软件发布)是早期自由Unix发布而诞生出来的系统,1970年代由伯克利加州大学(University of California, Berkeley)开创。而FreeBSD则是经BSD、386BSD和4.4BSD发展而来的类Unix 的一个重要分支,它是一个自由的Unix操作系统。
简略的Unix族谱,左起第四列下方是FreeBSD;来自Wiki共享资源
FreeBSD被认为是一个很稳健可靠的操作系统,在网络服务器上得到较为广泛的应用,前日,FreeBSD Release Engineering Team宣布FreeBSD 8.0 Release正式发布。第八个FreeBSD分支版本包含了许多主要功能改进以及新特性,下面是简略的更新说明:
Xen Dom-U, VirtualBox guest and host, hierarchical jails.
虚拟化支持:Xen Dom-U、VirtualBox客户机与主机支持
分层jail:jail是监狱的意思,FreeBSD jail提供了一个受限制的运行环境机制,现在FreeBSD 8.0支持分层的jail,也就是监狱套监狱,一层套一层……
NFSv3 GSSAPI support, experimental NFSv4 client and server.
支持NFSv3 GSSAPI,试验性支持NFSv4。
802.11s D3.03 wireless mesh networking and Virtual Access Point support.
802.11s D3.03无线mesh网络以及VAP虚拟接入点支持。前者允许多个FreeBSD设备动态链接成为一个巨大的无线网络,后者允许单个接入点可以同时链接多个无线网络。
ZFS is no longer in experimental status.
ZFS文件系统不再是试验性的支持。
Ground-up rewrite of USB, including USB target support.
完全重写的USB支持。
Continued SMP scalability improvements in many areas, especially VFS.
多个区域的SMP对称多处理器缩放性增强,特别地,VFS文件系统。
Revised network link layer subsystem.
重写网络链接层子系统。每CPU独立流缓冲,多队列传输,零复制缓冲区,等等。
Experimental MIPS architecture support.
试验性支持MIPS架构。如龙芯系列处理器就是基于MIPS架构:龙芯2/Nehalem处理器架构深度对比分析
FreeBSD吉祥物
下面是一些主要的改进和新特性:
•A new virtualization container named “vimage” has been implemented. This is a jail with a virtualized instance of the FreeBSD network stack and can be created by using jail(8) command.
实现了一个新的叫做vimage的虚拟化容器,它是一个包含了虚拟化FreeBSD网络栈的一个jail环境。FreeBSD jail是一个安全运行容器环境。
•The FreeBSD netisr framework has been reimplemented for parallel threading support. This is a kernel network dispatch interface which allows device drivers (and other packet sources) to direct packets to protocols for directly dispatched or deferred processing. The new implementation supports up to one netisr thread per CPU, and several benchmarks on SMP machines show substantial performance improvement over the previous version.
FreeBSD netisr框架重写,以实现并发多线程处理,它是一个内核网络调度界面。新的netisr框架实现允许每一个CPU运行一个netisr线程,因此在多处理器及其上可以得到明显的性能提升。
•The FreeBSD TTY layer has been replaced with a new one which has better support for SMP and robust resource handling. A tty now has own mutex and it is expected to improve scalability when compared to the old implementation based on the Giant lock.
FreeBSD TTY层更新,以更好地支持多处理器以及更加健壮的资源运用,现在每一个TTY都具有独立的Mutex互斥体,而替代了以往的Giant lock巨锁,从而可以获得了更好的伸缩性。大致上TTY是类似一个终端的东西,关于操作系统的锁,可以参阅一下笔者的作品:到底改进了什么?Win7/2008 R2核心剖析
•[amd64, i386] The FreeBSD Linux emulation layer has been updated to version 2.6.16 and the default Linux infrastructure port is now emulators/linux_base-f10 (Fedora 10).
[amd64, i386]FreeBSD Linux模拟层更新至2.6.16版本,并且默认的Linux架构port现在使用emulators/linux_base-f10。
•The FreeBSD GENERIC kernel now includes Trusted BSD MAC (Mandatory Access Control) support. No MAC policy module is loaded by default.
FreeBSD GENERIC内核现在包含了Trusted BSD MAC支持。默认装载非MAC策略模块。
•The FreeBSD USB subsystem has been reimplemented to support modern devices and better SMP scalability. The new implementation includes Giant-lock-free device drivers, a Linux compatibility layer, usbconfig(8) utility, full support for split transaction and isochronous transaction, and so on.
FreeBSD USB子系统重写,以支持更新的设备,以及更好的多处理器缩放。同样,新的子系统也是实现了无大锁(giant-lock-free)的驱动设备程序,以及Linux兼容层:usbconfig现在完全支持分割传输和一部传输,等等。
•The FreeBSD CAM SCSI subsystem ( cam(4)) now includes experimental support for ATA/SATA/AHCI-compliant devices.
FreeBSD CAM SCSI子系统现在包含了试验性的ATA/SATA/AHCI支持。
•The shared vnode locking for pathname lookups in the VFS(9) subsystem has been improved.
VFS子系统的锁系统得到了改进。
•The ZFS file system has been updated to version 13. The changes include ZFS operations by a regular user, L2ARC, ZFS Intent Log on separated disks (slog), sparse volumes, and so on.
号称全宇宙最强的ZFS文件系统得到了最终的支持并更新至版本13。ZFS是Sun开发的一种分布式文件系统,具有很多种先进特性。
•The FreeBSD NFS subsystem now supports RPCSEC_GSS authentication on both the client and server.
NFS子系统现在在客户端和服务端都支持RPCSEC_GSS认证——更安全的RPC远程过程调用。
•The FreeBSD NFS subsystem now includes a new, experimental implementation with support for NFSv2, NFSv3, and NFSv4.
NFS子系统现在试验性地同时支持NFSv2、NFSv3、NFSv4。
•The wireless network support layer (net80211) now supports multiple BSS instances on the supported network devices.
无线网络层现在支持多BSS实例。
•The FreeBSD L2 address translation table has been reimplemented to reduce lock contention on parallel processing and simplify the routing logic.
FreeBSD L2地址转换表重写,以减少并发处理的锁关联,并且简化路由逻辑。
•The IGMPv3 and SSM (Source-Specific Multicast) including IPv6 SSM and MLDv2 have been added.
加入了IGMPv3以及支持IPv6 SSM、MLDv2的SSM(源指定多播)。
•The ipsec(4) subsystem now supports NAT-Traversal (RFC 3948).
ipsec子系统支持NAT-Traversal(RFC 3948)。
•The GCC stack protection (also known as ProPolice) has been enabled in the FreeBSD base system.
FreeBSD基本系统的GCC堆保护功能启用。
•The supported version of the GNOME desktop environment (x11/gnome2) has been updated to 2.26.3.
GNOME升级至2.26.3。
•The supported version of the KDE desktop environment (x11/kde4) has been updated to 4.3.1.
KDE升级至4.3.1
下载:
BitTorrent
8.0-RELEASE ISOs are available via BitTorrent. A collection of torrent files to download the images is available at:
FTP
At the time of this announcement the following FTP sites have FreeBSD 8.0-RELEASE available.
- ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/
- ftp://ftp1.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/
- ftp://ftp5.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/
- ftp://ftp10.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/
- ftp://ftp13.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/
- ftp://ftp14.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/
- ftp://ftp.br.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/
- ftp://ftp.cz.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/
- ftp://ftp.dk.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/
- ftp://ftp.fr.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/
- ftp://ftp.jp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/
- ftp://ftp.ru.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/
- ftp://ftp1.ru.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/
- ftp://ftp.tw.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/
- ftp://ftp4.tw.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/
- ftp://ftp.uk.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/
- ftp://ftp1.us.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/
- ftp://ftp5.us.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/
- ftp://ftp10.us.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/