Linux 下OpenVPN & OpenVPN GUI安装笔记-服务器专区

Linux 下OpenVPN & OpenVPN GUI安装笔记

作者：xiaohui.com 编辑：杨晓勇 2007-12-28 00:00

    【IT168 专稿】最近笔者在网站的正常维护中，如 FTP、pop & smtp 的邮件收发、在 google 查技术资料等，都出现经常被强行断开的情况。为了解决这个问题，于是我在自己的国外主机上安装了一个 OpenVPN，当时记录了一下安装的经过。希望对大家有所帮助.。

一. OpenVPN 安装环境

    Server 端的环境

    1. redhat, kernel版本: 2.4.20-31.9, IP 为 70.8.7.6
    2. kernel 需要支持 tun 设备, 需要加载 iptables 模块.

    检查 tun 是否安装:

    代码:

    3. root@a [/]# modinfo tun
    4. filename: /lib/modules/2.4.20-31.9/kernel/drivers/net/tun.o
    5. description:
    6. author:
    7. license: "GPL"

如果没有 modinfo 命令, 直接找一下, 看看 kernel 里是否有 tun.o 文件:

代码:

find -name tun.o
./lib/modules/2.4.20/kernel/drivers/net/tun.o

检查iptables 模块, 查看是否有下列文件:

/etc/init.d/iptables

    8. 安装的 OpenVPN 的版本: 2.0.5. 现在似乎已经有一个更新的版本了. 可在http://openvpn.net 上下载.

    Client 端的环境:

    1. Windows XP PRO SP2
    2. OpenVPN GUI For windows 1.0.3 , 可在 openvpn.se 下载

    注意: OpenVPN GUI for windows 的版本要和 OpenVPN Server 的版本配套.

    例如, 服务器装的是 OpenVPN 2.0.5, 那么下载的 OpenVPN GUI fow windows 应该是: openvpn-2.0.5-gui-1.0.3-install.exe
OpenVPN GUI的所有历史版本: http://openvpn.se/files/install_packages/
二. OpenVPN 服务端安装过程

    1. 用 SecureCRT 登录到 host, 进入根目录代码:

cd /

2. 下载 LZO，解压到lzo-2.02.
地址: http://www.oberhumer.com/opensource/lzo/download/ 代码:

wget http://www.oberhumer.com/opensource/lzo/download/lzo-2.02.tar.gz

3. 下载 OpenVPN, 解压到openvpn-2.0.5
地址: http://openvpn.net/download.html 代码:

wget http://openvpn.net/release/openvpn-2.0.5.tar.gz

4. 安装 LZO 代码:

5. cd /lzo-2.02
6. ./configure
7. make
8. make check
make install

9. 安装 OpenVPN
代码:

10. cd /openvpn-2.0.5
11. ./configure

12. # 或用指定dir: (注:下述命令, 应该在一行写完. 为了方便显示, 这里分成了四行)

13. # ./configure --with-lzo-headers=/usr/local/include
14. # --with-lzo-lib=/usr/local/lib
15. # --with-ssl-headers=/usr/local/include/openssl
16. # --with-ssl-lib=/usr/local/lib
17. make
18. make install
19. 生成证书Key
初始化 PKI
(如果没有 export 命令也可以用 setenv [name] [value] 命令)

代码:

20. cd /openvpn-2.0.5/easy-rsa
21. export D=`pwd`
22. export KEY_CONFIG=$D/openssl.cnf
23. export KEY_DIR=$D/keys
24. export KEY_SIZE=1024
25. export KEY_COUNTRY=CN
26. export KEY_PROVINCE=GD
27. export KEY_CITY=SZ
28. export KEY_ORG="dvdmaster"
export KEY_EMAIL="support@cooldvd.com"
Build:

代码:

./clean-all
./build-ca

Generating a 1024 bit RSA private key
................++++++
........++++++
writing new private key to 'ca.key'
-----
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [CN]:
State or Province Name (full name) [GD]:
Locality Name (eg, city) [SZ]:
Organization Name (eg, company) [dvdmaster]:
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:dvdmaster
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:server 
Email Address [support@cooldvd.com]:
# 建立 server key 代码: 代码:
./build-key-server server

Generating a 1024 bit RSA private key
......++++++
....................++++++
writing new private key to 'server.key'
-----
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [CN]:
State or Province Name (full name) [GD]:
Locality Name (eg, city) [SZ]:
Organization Name (eg, company) [dvdmaster]:
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:dvdmaster
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:server 
Email Address [support@cooldvd.com]:

Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:abcd1234
An optional company name []:dvdmaster
Using configuration from /openvpn-2.0.5/easy-rsa/openssl.cnf
Check that the request matches the signature
Signature ok
The Subject's Distinguished Name is as follows 
countryName :PRINTABLE:'CN'
stateOrProvinceName :PRINTABLE:'GD'
localityName :PRINTABLE:'SZ'
organizationName :PRINTABLE:'dvdmaster'
organizationalUnitName:PRINTABLE:'dvdmaster'
commonName :PRINTABLE:'server'
emailAddress :IA5STRING:'support@cooldvd.com'
Certificate is to be certified until Mar 19 08:15:31 2016 GMT (3650 days)
Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y


1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y
Write out database with 1 new entries
Data Base Updated

#生成客户端 key
代码:
./build-key client1
Generating a 1024 bit RSA private key
.....++++++
......++++++
writing new private key to 'client1.key'
-----
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [CN]:
State or Province Name (full name) [GD]:
Locality Name (eg, city) [SZ]:
Organization Name (eg, company) [dvdmaster]:
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:dvdmaster
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:client1 #重要: 每个不同的 client 生成的证书, 名字必须不同. 
Email Address [support@cooldvd.com]:

Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:abcd1234
An optional company name []:dvdmaster
Using configuration from /openvpn-2.0.5/easy-rsa/openssl.cnf
Check that the request matches the signature
Signature ok
The Subject's Distinguished Name is as follows 
countryName :PRINTABLE:'CN'
stateOrProvinceName :PRINTABLE:'GD'
localityName :PRINTABLE:'SZ'
organizationName :PRINTABLE:'dvdmaster'
organizationalUnitName:PRINTABLE:'dvdmaster'
commonName :PRINTABLE:'client1'
emailAddress :IA5STRING:'support@cooldvd.com'
Certificate is to be certified until Mar 19 08:22:00 2016 GMT (3650 days)
Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y


1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y
Write out database with 1 new entries
Data Base Updated

依次类推生成其他客户端证书/key
代码:

./build-key client2
./build-key client3

注意在进入 Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []: 的输入时, 每个证书输入的名字必须不同.

29. build: 代码:

30.
./build-dh

31. 将 keys 下的所有文件打包下载到本地
代码:

32. tar -cf mykeys.tar /openvpn-2.0.5/easy-rsa/keys
cp mykeys.tar /home/dvdmastersys/public_html/mykeys.tar
将 mykeys.tar 移到 web public(绝对路径因人而异) 上, 然后用 http://www.a.com/mykeys.tar 方式将其下载到本地保存, 然后将其从server删除: 代码: 
rm /home/dvdmastersys/public_html/mykeys.tar
也可以用其他方法把 key file搞到本地，例如 ftp.

    33. 创建服务端配置文件
    从样例文件创建:
    代码:

34. cd $dir/sample-config-files/ # 进入源代码解压目录下的sample-config-files子目录
35. cp server.conf /usr/local/etc # cp服务器配置文件到/usr/local/etc
vi /usr/local/etc/server.conf

36. 创建客户端配置文件
代码:

37. cd $dir/sample-config-files/ #进入源代码解压目录下的sample-config-files子目录
38. cp client.conf /usr/local/etc #cp客户端配置文件到/usr/local/etc
vi /usr/local/etc/client.conf

39. 启动Openvpn: openvpn [server config file] 代码:

/usr/local/sbin/openvpn --config /usr/local/etc/server.conf

三. OpenVPN GUI For Windows 客户端安装过程

    1. 安装 OpenVPN GUI For Windows, 到 http://openvpn.se 下载. 目前的版本是 1.0.3. 注意: OpenVPN GUI 的版本要和 OpenVPN Server 的版本配套. 详见第一节一. 安装环境中的说明.
    2. 依屏幕指示安装openvpn gui.
    3. 配置 openvpn gui
    安装结束后, 进入安装文件夹下的 config 目录, 然后将上面第 10 步建立的 client.conf 文件从 server 上下载到此文件夹, 并更名为 client.ovpn

    同时, 将第8 步打包的 mykeys.tar 中的下列证书文件解压到此文件夹:
代码:

4. ca.crt
5. ca.key
6. client1.crt
7. client1.csr
client1.key
然后双击 client

    .ovpn 即可启动 openvpn, 或者通过 OpenVPN GUI 的控制启动 VPN.

    如果双击 client.ovpn 没有反应, 则在任务栏点 OpenVPN GUI 的小图标右键, 选择 edit config, 将内容复制过去再保存. 然后再点右键中的 connect即可.

    如果需要第二台机器上使用 vpn , 进行同样的配置, 只需要将 client1.crt, client1.csr, client1.key 换成对应的 client2.xxx 即可, 然后将 client.ovpn 中的对应key文件值改掉.

四. OpenVPN 配置样例文件

    1. OpenVPN 服务端：server.conf
    代码:

2. local 70.8.7.6
3. port 1194
4. proto udp
5.
6. dev tun
7.
8. ca /openvpn-2.0.5/easy-rsa/keys/ca.crt
9. cert /openvpn-2.0.5/easy-rsa/keys/server.crt
10. key /openvpn-2.0.5/easy-rsa/keys/server.key # This file should be kept secret
11. dh /openvpn-2.0.5/easy-rsa/keys/dh1024.pem
12.
13. server 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0
14.
15. client-to-client
16. keepalive 10 120
17.
18. comp-lzo
19.
20. persist-key
21. persist-tun
22. status /openvpn-2.0.5/easy-rsa/keys/openvpn-status.log
23. verb 4
24.
25. push "dhcp-option DNS 10.8.0.1"
26. push "dhcp-option DNS 70.88.98.10" # name server 地址, 如何获取见随后说明
push "dhcp-option DNS 70.88.99.11" # name server 地址, 如何获取见随后说明
说明: 有些 domain 被 GFW 封掉了, 这时, 如果要访问这些网站, 应该将 server 上的 dns push 到 client. 上面示例中的 dns ip: 70.88.98.10, 70.88.99.10, 可以在 /etc/resolv.conf 中找到: 代码:
vi /etc/resolv.conf
nameserver 70.88.98.10
nameserver 70.88.99.11
27. OpenVPN 客户端: client.ovpn
代码:
28. client
29.
30. dev tun
31. proto udp
32.
33. remote 70.8.7.6 1194
34.
35. persist-key
36. persist-tun
37. ca ca.crt
38. cert client1.crt
39. key client1.key
40. ns-cert-type server
41. comp-lzo
42. verb 3
43.
redirect-gateway def1

五. OpenVPN 访问外网的设置

1. 打开路由 VPN连接成功后, 还需要设置路由, 才能透过VPN访问Internet. 在 linux host 上添加路由: 代码:

2. iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.8.0.0/24 -o eth0 -j SNAT --to-source 70.8.7.6
3. /etc/init.d/iptables save
/etc/init.d/iptables restart

    不同的机器，-o eth0 参数可能不一样，具体可输入 ifconfig 查看，搞清 ip(70.8.7.6)所在的网卡号.

    同时, 需要将 ip forward 打开. 不要用 echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward 的方式, 这种方式重启后无效. 先查看一下:
    代码:

sysctl -a | grep for
#查看结果:
net.ipv4.conf.tun0.mc_forwarding = 0
net.ipv4.conf.tun0.forwarding = 1
net.ipv4.conf.eth0.mc_forwarding = 0
net.ipv4.conf.eth0.forwarding = 1
net.ipv4.conf.lo.mc_forwarding = 0
net.ipv4.conf.lo.forwarding = 1
net.ipv4.conf.default.mc_forwarding = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.forwarding = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.mc_forwarding = 0
net.ipv4.conf.all.forwarding = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1

    如果你的主机上列数值不是为1, 则要将其改成1, 例如:
    代码:

    依此类推.
    4. 开启域名服务器
    如果你需要访问一些已经被GFW封掉了域名的网站, 但你的 OpenVPN 服务器没有被封的话，那么你需要在你的主机上开启 name server, 并将 dns push 给 client。一般的独立主机, 都带有 private dns server.
    代码:

5. rpm -qa | grep bind
/etc/init.d/named start

另外, 必须保证 server.conf 配置中, 有这三个配置:
代码:

push "dhcp-option DNS 10.8.0.1"
push "dhcp-option DNS 70.88.98.10" # name server 地址
push "dhcp-option DNS 70.88.99.11" # name server 地址

当 client 连接成功后, 在 cmd 下执行 ipconfig /all, 应该有这类似这样的输出:
代码:

Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection 3:
Connection-specific DNS Suffix . :
Description . . . . . . . . . . . : TAP-Win32 Adapter V8
Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 00-FF-AA-B0-60-2B
Dhcp Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : Yes
Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes
IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : 10.8.0.6
Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.252
Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 10.8.0.5
DHCP Server . . . . . . . . . . . : 10.8.0.5
DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : 10.8.0.1
70.88.98.10
70.88.99.11
Lease Obtained. . . . . . . . . . : 2006年5月25日 5:13:52
Lease Expires . . . . . . . . . . : 2007年5月25日 5:13:52

六. 设置 OpenVPN 服务器 reboot后自动启动 openvpn

执行命令:
代码:

vi /etc/rc.local

然后在最后面加入此行:
代码:

/usr/local/sbin/openvpn --config /usr/local/etc/server.conf > /dev/null 2>&1 &

七. OpenVPN 测试

你可以用 VPN 登录上去之后, 测试 MSN, QQ, IE 等网络应用, 也可以尝试访问一些被 GFW 禁掉的网站, 当然, 前提是你的 VPN 服务器不在境内。

八. 使用 OpenVPN 的强烈注意事项

不建议用 VPN 登录 paypal 帐户和 google adsense 帐户. 否则有可能导致帐户受限或带来其他风险。

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