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ASP数据库编程SQL常用技巧

  【IT168 服务器学院】 转一些经典的SQL语句:

  1.蛙蛙推荐:一些精妙的SQL语句

  说明:复制表(只复制结构,源表名:a 新表名:b)

SQL: select * into b from a where 1<>1

  说明:拷贝表(拷贝数据,源表名:a 目标表名:b)

SQL: insert into b(a, b, c) select d,e,f from b;

  说明:显示文章、提交人和最后回复时间

SQL: select a.title,a.username,b.adddate from table a,(select max(adddate) adddate from table where table.title=a.title) b

  说明:外连接查询(表名1:a 表名2:b)

SQL: select a.a, a.b, a.c, b.c, b.d, b.f from a LEFT OUT JOIN b ON a.a = b.c

  说明:日程安排提前五分钟提醒

SQL: select * from 日程安排 where datediff(''minute'',f开始时间,getdate())>5

  说明:两张关联表,删除主表中已经在副表中没有的信息

  SQL:

delete from info where not exists ( select * from infobz where info.infid=infobz.infid )

  说明:--

  SQL:

SELECT A.NUM, A.NAME, B.UPD_DATE, B.PREV_UPD_DATE

FROM TABLE1,

(SELECT X.NUM, X.UPD_DATE, Y.UPD_DATE PREV_UPD_DATE

FROM (SELECT NUM, UPD_DATE, INBOUND_QTY, STOCK_ONHAND

FROM TABLE2

WHERE TO_CHAR(UPD_DATE,''YYYY/MM'') = TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, ''YYYY/MM'')) X,

(SELECT NUM, UPD_DATE, STOCK_ONHAND

FROM TABLE2

WHERE TO_CHAR(UPD_DATE,''YYYY/MM'') =

TO_CHAR(TO_DATE(TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, ''YYYY/MM'') || ''/01'',''YYYY/MM/DD'') - 1, ''YYYY/MM'') ) Y,

WHERE X.NUM = Y.NUM (+)

AND X.INBOUND_QTY + NVL(Y.STOCK_ONHAND,0) <> X.STOCK_ONHAND ) B

WHERE A.NUM = B.NUM

  说明:--

  SQL:

select * from studentinfo where not exists(select * from student where studentinfo.id=student.id) and 系名称=''"&strdepartmentname&"'' and 专业名称=''"&strprofessionname&"'' order by 性别,生源地,高考总成绩

  说明:

   从数据库中去一年的各单位电话费统计(电话费定额贺电化肥清单两个表来源)

  SQL:

SELECT a.userper, a.tel, a.standfee, TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, ''yyyy'') AS telyear,

SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, ''mm''), ''01'', a.factration)) AS JAN,

SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, ''mm''), ''02'', a.factration)) AS FRI,

SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, ''mm''), ''03'', a.factration)) AS MAR,

SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, ''mm''), ''04'', a.factration)) AS APR,

SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, ''mm''), ''05'', a.factration)) AS MAY,

SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, ''mm''), ''06'', a.factration)) AS JUE,

SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, ''mm''), ''07'', a.factration)) AS JUL,

SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, ''mm''), ''08'', a.factration)) AS AGU,

SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, ''mm''), ''09'', a.factration)) AS SEP,

SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, ''mm''), ''10'', a.factration)) AS OCT,

SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, ''mm''), ''11'', a.factration)) AS NOV,

SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, ''mm''), ''12'', a.factration)) AS DEC

FROM (SELECT a.userper, a.tel, a.standfee, b.telfeedate, b.factration

FROM TELFEESTAND a, TELFEE b

WHERE a.tel = b.telfax) a

GROUP BY a.userper, a.tel, a.standfee, TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, ''yyyy'')

  说明:四表联查问题:

SQL: select * from a left inner join b on a.a=b.b right inner join c on a.a=c.c inner join d on a.a=d.d where .....

  说明:得到表中最小的未使用的ID号

  SQL:

SELECT (CASE WHEN EXISTS(SELECT * FROM Handle b WHERE b.HandleID = 1) THEN MIN(HandleID) + 1 ELSE 1 END) as HandleID

FROM Handle

WHERE NOT HandleID IN (SELECT a.HandleID - 1 FROM Handle a)

  2.删除重复数据

  一、具有主键的情况

  a.具有唯一性的字段id(为唯一主键)

delete table
where id not in
(
select max(id) from table group by col1,col2,col3...
)

  group by 子句后跟的字段就是你用来判断重复的条件,如只有col1,那么只要col1字段内容相同即表示记录相同。

  b.具有联合主键

  假设col1+'',''+col2+'',''...col5 为联合主键

select * from table where col1+'',''+col2+'',''...col5 in (
select max(col1+'',''+col2+'',''...col5) from table
where having count(*)>1
group by col1,col2,col3,col4
)

  group by 子句后跟的字段就是你用来判断重复的条件,如只有col1,那么只要col1字段内容相同即表示记录相同。

  c:判断所有的字段

select * into #aa from table group by id1,id2,....
delete table
insert into table
select * from #aa

  二、没有主键的情况

  a:用临时表实现

select identity(int,1,1) as id,* into #temp from ta
delete #temp
where id not in
(
select max(id) from # group by col1,col2,col3...
)
delete table ta
inset into ta(...)
select ..... from #temp

  b:用改变表结构(加一个唯一字段)来实现

alter table 表 add newfield int identity(1,1)
delete 表
where newfield not in
(
select min(newfield) from 表 group by 除newfield外的所有字段
)

alter table 表 drop column newfield
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