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避免在 PL/SQL 中使用嵌套游标查询

  【IT168 服务器学院】考虑下面的 PL/SQL 代码,这段代码生成一个 XML 格式的矩阵样式的报表:
  
  declare
  l_count   integer;
  begin
  dbms_output.put_line(''<matrix>'');
  -- generate matrix of parts by country
  for part in (select id,description from parts order by description) loop
  dbms_output.put_line(''<row>'');
  dbms_output.put_line(''<cell>''||part.description||''</cell>'');
  for country in (select code from countries order by name) loop
  select sum(cnt) into l_count from orders
  where part_id = part.id and cc = country.code;
  dbms_output.put_line(''<cell>''||nvl(l_count,0)||''</cell>'');
  end loop;
  dbms_output.put_line(''</row>'');
  end loop;
  dbms_output.put_line(''</matrix>'');
  end;
  
  如果在这个例子中 parts 和 countries 有很多行数据,那么性能就会趋于下降。这是因为,在 PL/SQL 中,每次遇到一个游标 FOR 循环,在重新查询并获得数据时,都会有一个切换到 SQL 的上下文切换。
  
  以一些服务器端内存为代价,提高这种构造的速度是有可能做到的——如果动态构建 PL/SQL 数据表和矩阵单元格条目就可以提高速度。例如:
  
  declare
  type part_tbl_type is table of parts%rowtype index by binary_integer;
  part_tbl   part_tbl_type;
  --
  type country_tbl_type is table of countries%rowtype index by binary_integer;
  country_tbl   country_tbl_type;
  --
  type cell_rec is record
  (
  part_id     orders.part_id%type,
  cc        orders.cc%type,
  cnt        orders.cnt%type
  );
  type cell_tbl_type is table of cell_rec index by binary_integer;
  cell_tbl cell_tbl_type;
  --
  i pls_integer;
  begin
  -- build rows
  for row in (select * from parts order by description) loop
  part_tbl(part_tbl.count+1) := row;
  end loop;
  -- build columns
  for col in (select * from countries order by name) loop
  country_tbl(country_tbl.count+1) := col;
  end loop;
  -- build cells
  for cell in (select part_id,cc,sum(cnt) from orders group by part_id,cc) loop
  cell_tbl(cell_tbl.count+1) := cell;
  end loop;
  dbms_output.put_line(''<matrix>'');
  -- generate matrix of parts by country
  i := cell_tbl.first;
  for row in part_tbl.first .. part_tbl.last loop
  dbms_output.put_line(''<row>'');
  dbms_output.put_line(''<cell>''||part_tbl(row).description||''</cell>'');
  for col in country_tbl.first .. country_tbl.last loop
  if cell_tbl(i).part_id = part_tbl(row).id
  and cell_tbl(i).cc = country_tbl(col).code
  then
  dbms_output.put_line(''<cell>''||cell_tbl(i).cnt||''</cell>'');
  i := i + 1;
  else
  dbms_output.put_line(''<cell>0</cell>'');
  end if;
  end loop;
  dbms_output.put_line(''</row>'');
  end loop;
  dbms_output.put_line(''</matrix>'');
  end;
  
  游标
  
  游标的 FOR 循环现在是独立运行的,并且特定记录、特定字段、特定单元格的数据被拷贝到三个 PL/SQL 表中。然后利用记录和字段具有特定顺序这一事实,将结果构建到一个 PL/SQL 表的矩阵中。由于 GROUP BY 的隐式 SORT/MERGE 操作,单元格具有同样的顺序。单元格查询已经被减少到一个查询,替代了原来的矩阵每个单元格使用一个查询。
  
  如果字段的数目相当小,那么我们可以使用 BULK COLLECT 构建表。BULK COLLECT 不允许表记录的填充,所以我们就需要为用于这个操作的每一列数据创建一个独立的表。前面的例子可以采用 BULK COLLECT 重写为另外一种形式。
  
  declare
  type part_id_tbl_type is table of parts.id%type;
  type part_desc_tbl_type is table of parts.description%type;
  part_id_tbl     part_id_tbl_type;
  part_desc_tbl   part_desc_tbl_type;
  --
  type country_code_tbl_type is table of countries.code%type;
  country_code_tbl   country_code_tbl_type;
  --
  type cell_cnt_tbl_type is table of orders.cnt%type;
  cell_part_id_tbl   part_id_tbl_type;
  cell_country_tbl   country_code_tbl_type;
  cell_cnt_tbl     cell_cnt_tbl_type;
  --
  i pls_integer;
  begin
  -- gather rows
  select id,description
  bulk collect into part_id_tbl,part_desc_tbl
  from parts
  order by description;
  -- gather columns
  select code
  bulk collect into country_code_tbl
  from countries
  order by name;
  -- gather cells
  select part_id,cc,sum(cnt)
  bulk collect into cell_part_id_tbl,cell_country_tbl,cell_cnt_tbl
  from orders
  group by part_id,cc;
  dbms_output.put_line(''<matrix>'');
  -- generate matrix of parts by country
  i := cell_cnt_tbl.first;
  for row in part_id_tbl.first .. part_id_tbl.last loop
  dbms_output.put_line(''<row>'');
  dbms_output.put_line(''<cell>''||part_desc_tbl(row)||''</cell>'');
  for col in country_code_tbl.first .. country_code_tbl.last loop
  if cell_part_id_tbl(i) = part_id_tbl(row)
  and cell_country_tbl(i) = country_code_tbl(col)
  then
  dbms_output.put_line(''<cell>''||cell_cnt_tbl(i)||''</cell>'');
  i := i + 1;
  else
  dbms_output.put_line(''<cell>0</cell>'');
  end if;
  end loop;
  dbms_output.put_line(''</row>'');
  end loop;
  dbms_output.put_line(''</matrix>'');
  end;
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