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用tar包配置高可用性vsftp

  【IT168 服务器学院】昨天看到有朋友说用tar包安装的vsftp不能用本地用户登录,感觉十分诧异。但自己也仅做过rpm的,所以没有发言权。今天在自己机器上用tar包成功安装并配置了一个vsftp,现在把我的过程和大家说一下,希望对大家有所帮助!

  一、安装

  1.下载最新的稳定版vsftpd-1.2.1.tar.gz

  2.卸载原有的rpm的vsftpd
  rpm -e vsftpd

  3.tar xvzf vsftpd-1.2.1.tar.gz

  4.cd vsftpd-1.2.1

  5.make

  6.useradd nobody

  7.mkdir /usr/share/empty

  8.mkdir /var/ftp

  9.useradd -d /var/ftp ftp

  10.chown root.root /var/ftp

  11.chmod og-w /var/ftp
  说明:如果你象我一样原来有rpm的vsftp,只是卸载了,可以省略6-11步,如果原来没有安装vsftp,请按部就班。

  12.make install

  13.vi /etc/xinetd.d/vsftpd
  把disable=yes改成no,保存退出。然后service xinetd restart,OK!新装的vsftp已经可以工作了!
  说明:默认安装的vsftpd是以xinetd的方式启动的。你需要上述操作,一会儿,我们再来讲把它改成独立启动的服务。

  14.ftp 127.0.0.1
   输入用户名ftp,密码直接回车,OK!已经可以连接了!输入quit退出。然后重新ftp 127.0.0.1,输入本地用户和密码,却提示login faild!why?原来少一个本地用户认证的pam文件。

  15.cp RedHat/vsftpd.pam /etc/pam.d/ftp(注意,没有这一步将不能使用本地用户登录!)

  16.cp vsftpd.conf /etc/vsftpd.conf(现在,默认还是只能匿名用户登录)

  17.vi /etc/vsftpd.conf
  把anonmous_enable=YES改成NO(禁掉匿名链接,不安全)
  把local_enable=YES前的注释去掉(打开本地用户连接的权限)
  把write_enable=YES前的注释去掉(打开本地用户的写权限)
  把local_umask=022前的注释去掉
  service xinetd restart

  18.再次测试
  ftp 127.0.0.1
  使用ftp用户空密码登录,将出现login faild
  使用本地用户登录,OK!已经成功了!上传文件,也OK!
  这样是不是就完事儿了?不是,做一个FTP,我们通常还需要一些特殊要求:比如一个用户我只允许他下载,不允许他上传;另一个用户可以下载也可以上传,但是他不能删除文件,不能给文件改名;另外,我还需要我的FTP使用非常规的端口,限制下载的速度,还需要一个管理员用户。那怎么办?请看下面的部分!

  二、高级配置

  1.使用独立服务
  a.vi /etc/xinetd.d/vsftpd把disable=no还改成yes,不再需要它了!
  b.vi /etc/vsftpd.conf在结尾加上listen=YES
   c.service xinetd restart
   d./usr/local/sbin/vsftpd /etc/vsftpd.conf &
   OK!现在vsftp已经是独立启动的服务了!

  2.使用非常规的端口(2121)
   a.vi /etc/vsftpd.conf
   添加listen_port=2121,保存退出
  b.killall -9 vsftpd
   c./usr/local/sbin/vsftpd /etc/vsftpd.conf &
  OK!现在用ftp 127.0.0.1将提示你连接被拒绝了(ftp:connect:Connetion refuesd)!然后ftp 127.0.0.1 2121输入用户名和密码,OK!可以登录!

  3.实现不同用户不同权限
  现在我们就来实现三个用户的不同权限:a.upload用户,可以上传下载,可以新建文件夹,但不能删除文件和文件夹,不能重命名原有文件和文件夹;b.download用户,只能下载;c.admin用户,管理员,可以上传,可以下载,可以新建文件夹,可以删除和更改文件和文件夹名。这些用户都不能登录系统,并且用ftp连接时锁定在自己的家目录中不能进入系统文件夹。
  a.cat <<!>logins.txt
   >upload
   >******* #upload用户的密码
   >download
   >*******
   >admin
   >****************
   >!
   说明,此文本文件的格式是:单数行为用户名,偶数行为密码
  b.db_load -T -t hash -f logins.txt /etc/vsftpd_login.db
  c.chmod 600 /etc/vsftpd_login.db
  d.cd vsftpd-1.2.1/EXAMPLE;cp VIRYUAL_USERS/vsftpd.pam /etc/pam.d/ftp.vu (进入你的解包的源码目录,把虚拟用户的认证文件拷贝到/etc/pam.d/下)
  e.useradd -d /home/ftpsite virtual;chmod 700 /home/ftpsite;su - virtual -c "echo hello>/homt/ftpsite/test.file(建立虚拟用户所要访问的ftp目录并设置仅virtual用户访问的权限和创建一个供下载实验的文件)
  f.vi /etc/vsftpd.conf在此文件中插入下面的配置语句
   guest_enable=YES(启用虚拟用户)
   guest_username=virtual(将虚拟用户映射为本地virtual用户)
   pam_service_name=ftp.vu(指定PAM配置文件为ftp.vu
   user_config_dir=/etc/vsftpd_user_conf(指定不同虚拟用户配置文件的存放路径)
  保存退出
  g.mkdir /etc/vsftpd_user_conf
  h.开放不同用户的不同权限 echo "anon_world_readable_only=MO">/etc/vsftpd_user_conf/download(开放download用户的下载权限——只能下载;注意这个不地方不要写成YES,否则将不能列出文件和目录)
   cp /etc/vsftpd_user_conf/download /etc/vsftpd_user_conf/upload
   vi /etc/vsftpd_user_conf/upload,添加下列行
   write_enable=YES (增加写权限)
   anon_upload_enable=YES(增加上传权限)
   anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES (增加创建目录的权限)
   cp /etc/vsftpd_user_conf/upload /etc/vsftpd_user_conf/admin
   增加一行:
   anno_other_writer_enable=YES(增加管理员用户的删除/重命名的权限)
  i.测试
  killall -9 vsftpd;/usr/local/sbin/vsftpd /etc/vsftpd.conf &
  ftp 127.0.0.1 2121
  以用户名download和你设置的密码登录,ls,可以看到文件,下载,成功!put一个文件,提示
  Permission denied。rename test.file同样权限被拒绝;delete test.file同样不成功!
  输入quit退出,以upload用户登录,OK!可以上传,下载,mkdir lsf,提示“/lsf" created;rename lsf lsf1提示Permission denied,删除文件同样不成功!
  输入quit退出,以admin用户登录,可以有上述所有权限,然后rmdir lsf,提示Remove directory o[eration successful;delete test.file提示Delete operation successful!OK,大功告成了!

  4.还有限速,限制同一个IP的连接数,限制最大连接数等,我在另外的文章中已经写过,在此不再赘述![/

  三、附目

  1.我的/etc/vsftpd.conf文件的内容

  # Example config file /etc/vsftpd.conf
  #
  # The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
  # loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
  # Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
  #
  # READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
  # Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd''s
  # capabilities.
  #
  # Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out).
  anonymous_enable=NO
  #
  # Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
  local_enable=YES
  #
  # Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
  write_enable=YES
  #
  # Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
  # if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd''s)
  local_umask=022
  #
  # Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
  # has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
  # obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
  anon_upload_enable=NO
  #
  # Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
  # new directories.
  anon_mkdir_write_enable=NO
  #
  # Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
  # go into a certain directory.
  dirmessage_enable=YES
  #
  # Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
  xferlog_enable=YES
  #
  # Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
  connect_from_port_20=YES
  #
  # If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
  # a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
  # recommended!
  #chown_uploads=YES
  #chown_username=whoever
  #
  # You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
  # below.
  #xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log
  #
  # If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format
  #xferlog_std_format=YES
  #
  # You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
  #idle_session_timeout=600
  #
  # You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
  #data_connection_timeout=120
  #
  # It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
  # ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
  #nopriv_user=ftpsecure
  #
  # Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
  # recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
  # however, may confuse older FTP clients.
  #async_abor_enable=YES
  #
  # By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
  # the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
  # mangling on files when in ASCII mode.
  # Beware that turning on ascii_download_enable enables malicious remote parties
  # to consume your I/O resources, by issuing the command "SIZE /big/file" in
  # ASCII mode.
  # These ASCII options are split into upload and download because you may wish
  # to enable ASCII uploads (to prevent uploaded scripts etc. from breaking),
  # without the DoS risk of SIZE and ASCII downloads. ASCII mangling should be
  # on the client anyway..
  ascii_upload_enable=YES
  ascii_download_enable=YES
  #
  # You may fully customise the login banner string:
  ftpd_banner=Welcome to Serv-U FTP serser. #(一个真实的慌言:em02:)
  #
  # You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
  # useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
  #deny_email_enable=YES
  # (default follows)
  #banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd.banned_emails
  #
  # You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
  # directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
  # users to NOT chroot().
  chroot_list_enable=YES
  # (default follows)
  chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list
  #
  # You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
  # default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
  # sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
  # the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
  #ls_recurse_enable=YES
  chroot_local_user=YES
  listen_port=2121
  listen=yes
  guest_enable=YES
  guest_username=virtual
  pasv_min_port=30000
  pasv_max_port=30999
  pam_service_name=ftp.vu
  anon_world_readable_only=NO
  user_config_dir=/etc/vsftpd_user_conf 

  2.我的/etc/vsftpd_user_conf/download的内容
  anon_world_readable_only=NO 

  3.我的/etc/vsftpd_user_conf/upload的内容
  anon_world_readable_only=NO
  write_enable=YES
  anon_upload_enable=YES
  anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES

  4.我的/etc/vsftpd_user_conf/admin的内容
  anon_world_readable_only=NO
  write_enable=YES
  anon_upload_enable=YES
  anon_other_write_enable=YES
  anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES

  5.自启动脚本,在/etc/rc.local中加入/usr/local/sbin/vsftpd /etc/vsftpd.conf &

 

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